Landscape design is a creative art and profession, practiced by landscape architects, blending architecture and nature, often with a focus on individual aesthetic tastes. In contemporary practice, landscape architecture blends the human scale with the landscape. The landscape architect's job is to create environments that satisfy the needs of people at different scales, in different time-scales, and in different locations. Landscape architecture unifies both personal and public taste by planning the creation of places that appeal to all segments of society, learn more here about this. A wide variety of styles have emerged throughout the history of landscape architecture, but some of the most common include:
This type of landscape design uses plant forms to add texture and depth to landscapes. It is made up of naturally growing plants as well as man-made ornamental plants and structures. Plant forms can include everything from shrubs to grasses to forests. They are used to help define and separate visual spaces, and can sometimes be complemented with building materials such as concrete, brick, stone, slate, terrazzo, or vinyl. Common plant forms include:
This type of landscape architecture focuses on the interaction of people, place, and natural resources with an emphasis on natural landscapes rather than physical structures. The landscape is designed to create emotional experiences in its visitors. Some of the key elements of this style are the careful use of line to imply connection and relationship between the different elements, and ability to create unity among unrelated parts by coordinating colors, textures, shapes, and patterns, and the recreation of the natural world through the use of natural items such as plant life or mountain ranges. Other elements include:
This design process lays the groundwork for incorporating physical forms into the overall environment. It includes the use of plants to create shapes and forms, using repetitive elements to suggest a continual flow and use of repetitive materials, using plants or other structures to suggest organic or biological systems and structuring, and the integration of human beings into the landscape design process through the selection of appropriate materials. Other factors that landscape designers need to consider in this service include the importance of building from straight lines, the significance of scale, and the relationship between land and man.
Architectural designers build on these basic principles to provide a visually pleasing landscape that integrates elements from different disciplines and blends the aesthetics and functionality of the different spaces. The first step is to plan out the project before designing the spaces. They should be rearranged and harmonized within the overall scheme to have a common theme and the elements should relate to each other in an understandable and logical way. Landscape designers also need to consider the functionality of each area such as: determining how much sun or shade each area will receive, what materials are best for different climates, where foot traffic is needed, what types of plants or animals will be suitable for each space and access to power and water.
The next step is to select appropriate forms and designs to use in the spaces. Forms are usually selected to integrate with the overall theme and structures and include a combination of plants, walkways, steps, and seating. Landscape designers may also select specific plant species to fit their desired aesthetic or ecological balance and design composition. Plant types can range from annuals to perennials to tropical plants depending on the needs of the site and the environmental conditions experienced there.
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